| Let me tell you the truth: who consumes more electricity, air conditioning heating or cooling | | Addtime: 2017-2-13 | |
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Many people who use air conditioners know that heating an air conditioner consumes more electricity than cooling it. However, many are unaware of why heating an air conditioner consumes more electricity than cooling it. Why does the same machine exhibit such a significant difference in usage? How much do you know about the working principle of air conditioning? Generally, an air conditioner consists of four major components: compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. Depending on control or usage needs, auxiliary devices such as pressure controllers, temperature controllers, and drying filters can be installed in between, but the four major components are essential. During operation, the gaseous refrigerant is compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas by the compressor and enters the condenser, which acts as a heat exchanger to transfer the heat from the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant to a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant. The liquid refrigerant then passes through the expansion valve, which is a throttling device. As the refrigerant flowing out of the expansion valve is restricted, its pressure decreases and temperature continues to drop, becoming a gas-liquid two-phase mixture. It then enters the evaporator, where the refrigerant undergoes heat exchange and vaporization, becoming a high-temperature and low-pressure gaseous refrigerant that returns to the compressor to continue the cycle.
Air conditioning heating is actually not simple! Household air conditioners generally use air-cooled cooling systems (central air conditioning also includes water-cooled cooling, water-cooled cold water, air-cooled cold water, etc., where the former refers to the heat exchange form of the condenser and the latter refers to the heat exchange form of the evaporator). That is to say, during cooling, the refrigerant exchanges heat in the condenser, and the evaporator, which is relatively colder than the room temperature, is blown by the fan, so the air blown out is naturally cold. If the air conditioner has a heating function, a check valve and a four-way valve must be installed on the refrigerant system after the compressor. The functions of these two components are to change the flow direction of the refrigerant. At this time, the functions of the condenser and evaporator in the system are interchanged during cooling. That is to say, the condenser during cooling becomes the evaporator during heating, and the evaporator during cooling becomes the condenser during heating. Therefore, the fan blows the evaporator during cooling, and now it blows the condenser, so the air blown out is hot. Is air conditioning more energy-consuming during heating or cooling? After understanding the working principle of air conditioning, we can explain the issue of power consumption. Usually, the power consumption of air conditioning refers to the power consumption of the motor that drives the compressor to operate. Because the motor power is constant, in a sense, the power consumption should be the same. However, to actually illustrate this point, it is a bit more complicated. An important parameter to measure the working capacity of air conditioning is the COP value, also commonly known as the energy efficiency ratio. In layman's terms, it is how much cooling or heating capacity can be generated with 1 kW of electricity consumed. The higher the COP, the better the performance. In air conditioning design, the selection of various components is usually based on the cooling conditions. Under cooling conditions, the heat exchange capacity of the condenser is usually chosen to be equal to the sum of the cooling capacity and the heat loss of the compressor, while the heat exchange capacity of the evaporator is equal to the cooling capacity of the unit. That is to say, the condenser usually has a larger heat exchange capacity than the evaporator, so the heating capacity of the air conditioner is worse. That is to say, under rated conditions (usually rated conditions are selected for comparison), the cooling COP value should be greater than the heating COP value. It can be seen that for the same loss of 1 kWh of electricity, the cooling capacity is larger than the heating capacity, or conversely, under the same cooling and heating capacities, more electricity is consumed during heating. Therefore, this is why heating is said to be more energy-consuming.
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